In the original DARPA TCP/IP standard, the TCP Receive Window (RWIN) was limited to 64K (65535), since there are only 16-bits in the TCP headers for the RWIN value, and 2^16=64K. The TCP Window is negotiated at the beginning of every connection during the TCP "handshake" stage. As such, this value is probably the single most important setting in tuning broadband internet connections. After sending that amount of data, the sender stops and waits for acknowledgement back from the receiver that it has gotten some of it. The TCP Window is the amount of outstanding data (unacknowledged by the recepient) that can remain in the network. This article is intended as a primer on some TCP/IP networking concepts and factors that determine an optimal TCP Receive Window.
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